Koma serial

Koma serial atau koma berseri (juga disebut koma Oxford dan koma Harvard) adalah koma yang diletakkan tepat sebelum kata hubung koordinatif (biasanya dan atau atau) dalam rangkaian tiga hal atau lebih. Misalnya, daftar berisi tiga negara dapat ditulis "Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Brunei" (dengan koma serial), atau "Indonesia, Malaysia dan Brunei" (tanpa koma serial).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Kalangan penulis dan penyunting memiliki opini yang berbeda seputar penggunaan koma serial. Dalam bahasa Inggris Amerika, kebanyakan panduan gaya mewajibkan penggunaan koma serial, misalnya The MLA Style Manual, The Chicago Manual of Style, Strunk and White's Elements of Style, ^[4] Directorate of Intelligence Style Manual & Writers Guide for Intelligence Publications, ^[5] dan U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual. Associated Press Stylebook dan Stylebook yang diterbitkan The Canadian Press untuk penulisan berita melarang konsep koma serial. Koma serial kurang lazim dalam bahasa Inggris Britania,^[6] namun ada beberapa panduan gaya Britania yang mewajibkannya, salah satunya Oxford University Press.^[7] Menurut The Oxford Companion to the English Language, "koma digunakan untuk memisahkan item dalam suatu daftar atau urutan ... Penyertaan koma sebelum dan pada item terakhir diterapkan di berbagai macam kalimat ... Praktik ini kontroversial dan dikenal dengan nama koma serial atau koma Oxford karena merupakan bagian dari gaya khas Oxford University Press."^[8] Sejumlah panduan gaya seperti Fowler's Modern English Usage mewajibkan koma serial jika tujuannya adalah menghindari ketaksaan (ambiguitas).^[9]

^ The terms Oxford comma and Harvard comma come from Oxford University Press and Harvard University Press, where serial-comma use is the house style.
^ Sometimes, the term also denotes the comma that might come before etc. at the end of a list (see the Australian Government Publishing Service's Style Manual for Authors, Editors, and Printers, below). Such an extension is reasonable, since etc. is the abbreviation of the Latin phrase et cetera (lit. and other things).
^ The serial comma sometimes refers to any of the separator commas in a list, but this is a rare, old-fashioned usage. Herein, the term is used only as defined above.
^ Strunk, Jr., William; White, E. B. (2005). The Elements of Style. Illustrated by Maira Kalman (edisi ke-Illustrated). Penguin Press. hlm. 3. ISBN 9781594200694. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2013. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.
^ Directorate of Intelligence Style Manual & Writers Guide for Intelligence Publications (PDF). 2011. hlm. 44. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-08-01. Diakses tanggal August 14, 2014. Use a comma after each element except the last in a series of three or more words, phrases, clauses, letters, or figures used with and or or (as long as none of the elements in the series is a phrase or clause with internal commas). Opinion is divided about whether to use the serial comma, as the comma after the next to last element in a series is called: many publications, especially newspapers, generally omit it so as to save space but sometimes insert it to avoid ambiguity. The question does not arise if the serial comma is always used. Most authorities on English usage recommend that policy, and it is the rule for CIA publications.
^ Truss, Lynn (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. hlm. 84. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
^ The Oxford Style Manual, 2002: "The presence or lack of a comma before and or or ... has become the subject of much spirited debate. For a century it has been part of OUP style ..., to the extent that the convention has come to be called the 'Oxford comma'. But it is commonly used by many other publishers here and abroad, and forms a routine part of style in US and Canadian English" (p. 121).
^ McArthur, Tom, "Comma." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Encyclopedia.com.
^ The Economist Style Guide (edisi ke-10th). Profile Books. 2012. hlm. 152–153. ISBN 978-1-84668-606-1.

[1] The terms Oxford comma and Harvard comma come from Oxford University Press and Harvard University Press, where serial-comma use is the house style.

[2] Sometimes, the term also denotes the comma that might come before etc. at the end of a list (see the Australian Government Publishing Service's Style Manual for Authors, Editors, and Printers, below). Such an extension is reasonable, since etc. is the abbreviation of the Latin phrase et cetera (lit. and other things).

[3] The serial comma sometimes refers to any of the separator commas in a list, but this is a rare, old-fashioned usage. Herein, the term is used only as defined above.

[Strunk_&_White-4] Strunk, Jr., William; White, E. B. (2005). The Elements of Style. Illustrated by Maira Kalman (edisi ke-Illustrated). Penguin Press. hlm. 3. ISBN 9781594200694. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2013. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.

[Directorate_of_Intelligence_Style_Manual_&_Writers_Guide_for_Intelligence_Publications-5] Directorate of Intelligence Style Manual & Writers Guide for Intelligence Publications (PDF). 2011. hlm. 44. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-08-01. Diakses tanggal August 14, 2014. Use a comma after each element except the last in a series of three or more words, phrases, clauses, letters, or figures used with and or or (as long as none of the elements in the series is a phrase or clause with internal commas). Opinion is divided about whether to use the serial comma, as the comma after the next to last element in a series is called: many publications, especially newspapers, generally omit it so as to save space but sometimes insert it to avoid ambiguity. The question does not arise if the serial comma is always used. Most authorities on English usage recommend that policy, and it is the rule for CIA publications.

[6] Truss, Lynn (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. hlm. 84. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.

[7] The Oxford Style Manual, 2002: "The presence or lack of a comma before and or or ... has become the subject of much spirited debate. For a century it has been part of OUP style ..., to the extent that the convention has come to be called the 'Oxford comma'. But it is commonly used by many other publishers here and abroad, and forms a routine part of style in US and Canadian English" (p. 121).

[8] McArthur, Tom, "Comma." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. 1998. Encyclopedia.com.

[9] The Economist Style Guide (edisi ke-10th). Profile Books. 2012. hlm. 152–153. ISBN 978-1-84668-606-1.

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